![]() A gradient of cell-cell adhesion molecules toward the superficial surface would drive ectodermal cells to move in the direction of the gradient, opposite to what the fibronectin hypothesis would predict ( Kane et al., 2005, Málaga-Trillo et al., 2009, Schepis et al., 2012). Studies of teleost epiboly propose cell sorting via differential cell adhesion as the driving force behind RI ( Kane et al., 2005, Málaga-Trillo et al., 2009, Schepis et al., 2012). However, this would not explain the intercalation of cells that are not in direct contact with the fibronectin. Studies of amphibian epiboly proposed that RI is driven by adhesion to a fibronectin matrix accumulated on the basal surface of the ectoderm allowing protrusive activity only at the fibronectin-free cell surfaces ( Marsden and DeSimone, 2001, Petridou et al., 2013, Sugrue and Hay, 1981). Two main mechanisms have been proposed so far to explain RI. Since then it has been recognized as a general morphogenetic process involved in a wide range of systems, including fish epiboly ( Warga and Kimmel, 1990), fly gastrulation ( Clark et al., 2011), amphibian and fish neural folding ( Kee et al., 2008), regeneration of hydra ( Kishimoto et al., 1996), and in mammalians during gastrulation ( Yen et al., 2009), gut development ( Yamada et al., 2010), and ear development ( Chen et al., 2002). RI was first described during the uniform expansion of the ectoderm in the animal pole region during amphibian gastrulation ( Keller, 1980). During epiboly, the number of cell layers in a multilayered epithelium is reduced by cell intercalation, a process called radial intercalation (RI). This study provides insight into the fundamental process of radial intercalation and could be applied to a wide range of morphogenetic events.Īcquiring shape and form in multicellular organisms involves deformation of epithelial sheets through bending (invagination), extension through narrowing (convergent extension), and expansion via thinning (epiboly). This mechanism is robust against fluctuations of chemoattractant levels and expression patterns and explains expansion during epiboly. We identify the chemoattractant as the complement component C3a, a factor normally linked with the immune system. The mechanism is explored by computational modeling and tested in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. This role of chemotaxis in tissue spreading and thinning is unlike its typical role associated with large-distance directional movement of cells. Using amphibian epiboly, the thinning and spreading of the animal hemisphere during gastrulation, here we provide evidence that radial intercalation is driven by chemotaxis of cells toward the external layer of the tissue. Hydro test pressure 2.5kgf/cm sq.g (35Psi).Radial intercalation is a fundamental process responsible for the thinning of multilayered tissues during large-scale morphogenesis however, its molecular mechanism has remained elusive.Electrical control box fitted with switch, indicating lamp.Water level indication gauge glass with Stainless Steel guard.Pressure adjustable from 5psi to 20psi with automatic pressure control switch.Built-in safety valve, pressure gauge, pressure release valve & water level indicator.Radial locking System with paddle lifting device.Outer Chamber works as steam stock jacket.Inner and Outer chamber made of stainless steel (SS304).Models/Variants Capacity 10*18 23 Ltr Electrical 12*22 40 Ltr Electrical 14*22 52 Ltr Electrical 14*25 60 Ltr Electrical 16*24 75Ltr Electrical 18*24 15 Ltr Electrical 22*30 180 Ltr Electrical Double / Tripal Wall ![]() Also Available In Double Wall And Triple Wall. The autoclave can hold the in between 15psi to 20 psi. ![]() Instruments provided with double safety arrangement. Equipped with Pressure Gauge, Safety Valve, Double Safety Valve, Steam Release Valve, Vacuum Release Valve, Rubber Gasket, Inner Container, Inner tripod stand and Mild Steel Legs for Autoclave. the lid is made of stainless steel tightened by radial arms through a steering wheel made of chrome plated mild steel. ![]() The inner chamber and outer wall made of stainless steel. Size/ capacity: 40ltr – 180ltr Double wall single chamber autoclave. Description Autoclave Hi-pressure Vertical Radial Locking. ![]()
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